Research Methods and Professional Practice

Validity and Generalisability in Research

Bar Charts in Excel (exercises)

Exercise 9.1

Open the Excel workbook in Exa 9.1D.xlsx from the Exercises folder. This contains the percentage frequencies together with the bar chart just created in the above example. Add a percentage frequency bar chart showing the brand preferences in Area 2, using the same format as that employed for the Area1 results in the above example. Drag your new chart so that it lies alongside that for Area 1. Briefly interpret your findings. What do these results tell you about the patterns of brand preferences for each of the two demographic areas?

In both areas, the Brand B is the preferred instead of Others, while the Brand A is the least preferred. The preference for Brand A and Brand B increases in the area 2 with respect to the Area 1.


Exercise 9.2

Open the Excel workbook in Exa 9.2E.xlsx from the Exercises folder. This contains the frequency distributions for Data Set E (see the Data Annexe) to which has been added the corresponding percentage frequency distributions. Complete a percentage frequency clustered column bar chart showing the heather species prevalence in the two different locations. Briefly interpret your findings.

Prevalence of the heather species in two different locations.

It is clear that the heather species is more abundant in Location A, making nearly the double than in Location B. We need to assume that the are A is largfer than B so the sparse values to make sense.


Exercise 9.3 (Histograms)


Open the Excel workbook in Exa 9.3B.xlsx from the Exercises folder. This contains the relative frequency histogram for the Diet A weight loss produced in Example 9.3 together with some of the Diet B weight loss summary statistics. Add a relative frequency histogram of the weight loss for Diet B, where possible using the same classes as those employed for the Diet A results in the above example. Briefly interpret your histogram. What do these results tell you about the patterns of weight loss for each of the two diets?

Diet A provides a more consistent weight loss but Diet B shows ranges where individuals could loose more kg. For Diet B, the consistency is between 2 to 5 kg but for Diet A is 5 to 7 kg.